Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) adalah quality check terakhir sebelum barang dikirim dari China. Artikel ini bahas lengkap: apa itu PSI, kapan wajib, checklist, biaya, dan tips supaya tidak dapat barang reject.
Apa Itu Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI)?
PSI = Quality control yang dilakukan **sebelum barang dikirim** dari supplier ke Indonesia.
Tujuan:
– Pastikan barang sesuai spec
– Cek kualitas produksi
– Detect defect sebelum shipping
– Protect investment Anda
Kapan dilakukan: Saat produksi 80-100% selesai, sebelum packing final.
Siapa yang lakukan:
– Third-party inspection company (independent)
– In-house QC (jika Anda punya team di China)
– Supplier QC (kurang objektif)
> Fakta: 70% masalah quality bisa dicegah dengan PSI yang proper.
Kenapa PSI Itu Penting?
Tanpa PSI – Risiko:
1. Dapat barang cacat (30-50% defect rate)
2. Salah spec (warna, ukuran, material beda)
3. Quantity tidak sesuai (kurang atau lebih)
4. Packaging buruk (rusak saat transit)
5. Delay (produksi belum selesai tapi supplier bilang sudah)
Akibat: Rugi jutaan rupiah + reputasi bisnis hancur.
Dengan PSI – Benefit:
1. Quality assurance (90-95% sesuai spec)
2. Leverage untuk nego (jika ada defect)
3. Documentation (foto/video bukti kondisi)
4. Peace of mind (tahu kondisi sebelum bayar)
5. Avoid dispute (bukti jelas jika ada masalah)
Investment: PSI cost $150-350, bisa save $5000-50,000 dari bad order.
Jenis Inspection
1. Pre-Production Inspection (PPI)
Kapan: Sebelum produksi mulai (5-10% bahan baku tiba)
Cek:
– Raw material quality
– Sample approval
– Production plan
– Equipment ready
Cocok untuk: Custom order, OEM/ODM, high-value products
2. During Production Inspection (DPI/DUPRO)
Kapan: Saat produksi 30-50% selesai
Cek:
– Production on schedule?
– Quality control process
– Workmanship
– Identify issue early
Cocok untuk: Large order, long production time
3. Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) ⭐ PALING UMUM
Kapan: Produksi 80-100% selesai, sebelum packing
Cek:
– Product quality (random sampling)
– Quantity
– Packaging
– Marking & labeling
– Function test
– Appearance
Cocok untuk: Semua import (especially first-time order)
4. Container Loading Inspection (CLI)
Kapan: Saat loading barang ke kontainer
Cek:
– Correct products loaded
– Proper packing
– Container condition
– Prevent damage during loading
Cocok untuk: FCL shipment, fragile items
5. Full Inspection (100% Check)
Kapan: Jika quality sangat critical
Cek: Setiap unit 100%
Cocok untuk: Medical devices, safety products, luxury goods
Cost: Paling mahal (2-5x PSI standard)
Checklist PSI Lengkap
A. Product Quality (60% focus)
1. Appearance / Visual Inspection:
– [ ] Color match dengan sample/spec
– [ ] Surface finish (scratches, dents, stains)
– [ ] Painting/coating quality
– [ ] Printing/logo clear & accurate
– [ ] No rust, mold, atau discoloration
2. Dimensions / Measurements:
– [ ] Size sesuai spec (toleransi ±2-5%)
– [ ] Weight per unit
– [ ] Thickness (untuk material tertentu)
– [ ] Symmetry (untuk produk yang perlu presisi)
3. Material:
– [ ] Material type sesuai (cotton, plastic, metal, dll)
– [ ] Material grade (quality level)
– [ ] Texture & feel
– [ ] Durability (test dengan pressure/stress)
4. Workmanship:
– [ ] Stitching rapi (untuk garment/textile)
– [ ] Welding/joint kuat (untuk metal/plastic)
– [ ] Assembly correct (untuk produk rakitan)
– [ ] No sharp edges atau burrs
– [ ] Finishing detail bagus
5. Functionality:
– [ ] Produk berfungsi normal (test 100% untuk critical items)
– [ ] On/off switch works
– [ ] Battery/charging (untuk elektronik)
– [ ] Moving parts smooth
– [ ] Safety features OK
6. Packaging Quality:
– [ ] Inner packaging aman (bubble wrap, foam, dll)
– [ ] Outer carton kuat (tidak penyok/rusak)
– [ ] Packaging protect product
– [ ] Labeling correct (SKU, barcode, product name)
– [ ] User manual included (jika perlu)
B. Quantity Verification (20% focus)
1. Total Quantity:
– [ ] Hitung total unit (vs order quantity)
– [ ] Toleransi: ±3% acceptable (nego dengan supplier)
– [ ] Breakdown per SKU/variant
2. Random Sampling:
– [ ] Buka random cartons (10-15% dari total)
– [ ] Hitung isi per carton
– [ ] Cek konsistensi
3. Carton Count:
– [ ] Total cartons match packing list
– [ ] Carton numbering correct (1 of 50, 2 of 50, dst)
C. Packaging & Marking (10% focus)
1. Carton Marking:
– [ ] Product name/SKU
– [ ] Quantity per carton
– [ ] “Made in China” (jika perlu)
– [ ] Handling instructions (Fragile, This Side Up, dll)
– [ ] Your company logo (jika custom)
2. Individual Product Labeling:
– [ ] Barcode/SKU tag
– [ ] Price tag (jika perlu)
– [ ] Brand label/hang tag
– [ ] Care label (untuk garment)
– [ ] Safety warning (jika applicable)
3. Export Carton:
– [ ] Carton quality (5-layer corrugated untuk export)
– [ ] Waterproof (jika perlu)
– [ ] Size appropriate (tidak terlalu besar/kecil)
D. Documentation (5% focus)
1. Test Reports:
– [ ] Certificate of Compliance (jika perlu)
– [ ] Lab test results (untuk produk tertentu)
– [ ] Material safety data sheet
2. Product Documents:
– [ ] User manual
– [ ] Warranty card
– [ ] Installation guide
E. Compliance & Safety (5% focus)
1. Safety Standards:
– [ ] No hazardous materials
– [ ] Meet import country regulations
– [ ] CE/FCC/FDA (jika applicable)
2. Restricted Substances:
– [ ] Lead-free (untuk mainan anak)
– [ ] Phthalate-free
– [ ] Azo-free dyes (untuk textile)
AQL Standard (Acceptable Quality Level)
AQL = Standar sampling untuk quality inspection.
Level umum:
– AQL 2.5 – Strict (electronics, toys)
– AQL 4.0 – Normal (general products)
– AQL 6.5 – Loose (low-value items)
Contoh AQL 2.5:
– Order 1000 pcs
– Sample size: 125 pcs (12.5%)
– Accept: Max 10 minor defects, 0 major defects
– Reject: >10 minor atau >0 major
Kategori defect:
Critical: Safety issue, produk tidak bisa dipakai
– Contoh: Sharp edges di mainan, electrical hazard
– Acceptable: 0
Major: Produk tidak sesuai spec utama, affect functionality
– Contoh: Wrong color, size off >10%, not working
– Acceptable: 0-2.5%
Minor: Cosmetic issue, tidak affect fungsi
– Contoh: Small scratch, thread loose, stain kecil
– Acceptable: 2.5-4%
Cara Kerja PSI (Step-by-Step)
Step 1: Booking Inspection
Kapan: 3-5 hari sebelum target inspection
Info yang perlu diberikan:
– Supplier name & factory address
– Product details & spec
– Order quantity
– Inspection date (coordinate dengan supplier)
– Special requirements (AQL level, focus area)
Step 2: Koordinasi dengan Supplier
Penting: Inform supplier bahwa akan ada inspection
Script email:
*”Hi [Supplier], we will arrange third-party inspection before shipment. Please prepare:*
*- All products ready for inspection*
*- Sample for reference*
*- Production area accessible*
*- Packing list ready*
*Inspection date: [Date]*
*Inspector will arrive at [Time]*
*Please coordinate with your QC team.”*
Step 3: Inspection Day
Timeline:
– 08:00 – Inspector tiba di factory
– 08:30 – Meeting dengan supplier QC
– 09:00 – Start inspection (product quality)
– 11:00 – Quantity count & packaging check
– 13:00 – Function test (jika applicable)
– 15:00 – Photo documentation
– 16:00 – Final report discussion dengan supplier
– 17:00 – Selesai
Duration: 4-8 jam (tergantung quantity & complexity)
Step 4: Inspection Report
Diterima: Same day atau next day (via email)
Isi report:
– Summary: Pass/Fail/Conditional Pass
– Product details: Spec, quantity
– Inspection results:
– Defect summary (critical/major/minor)
– Defect rate vs AQL
– Specific issues found
– Photos: 30-100 photos (good & defect)
– Recommendation: Ship / Hold / Re-inspect
Step 5: Decision
Jika PASS:
– Approve shipment
– Supplier proceed packing & shipping
– Release final payment
Jika FAIL:
– Reject shipment
– Nego dengan supplier (rework, discount, atau cancel)
– Schedule re-inspection
Jika CONDITIONAL PASS:
– Minor issues yang bisa diperbaiki
– Supplier fix issues
– Re-inspect (atau accept dengan discount)
Biaya PSI
Standard PSI (man-day rate):
| Location | Cost | Duration |
|———-|——|———-|
| Guangdong | $200-250/day | 6-8 jam |
| Shanghai/Zhejiang | $250-300/day | 6-8 jam |
| Remote area | $300-400/day | + travel cost |
Apa yang termasuk:
– Inspector on-site
– Inspection report (PDF)
– Photos
– Basic function test
Biaya tambahan:
– Lab testing: $100-500 per test
– Expedite (urgent): +30-50%
– Weekend/holiday: +50-100%
– Travel to remote area: actual cost
Worth it?
– Order value $5000 → PSI $250 = 5% of value
– Bisa prevent loss $1000-5000 → ROI 400-2000%
Kami menyediakan [layanan QC inspection](/layanan/quality-control-import-china/) dengan rate kompetitif.
Cara Pilih Inspection Company
Top Inspection Companies:
International (premium):
– SGS
– Bureau Veritas
– Intertek
– TUV
– Cost: $300-500/day
Local China (affordable):
– QIMA (Asia Inspection)
– V-Trust
– InTouch
– Cost: $200-300/day
Freelance Inspector:
– Cost: $150-200/day
– Risiko: Less reliable, no insurance
Kriteria Pilih:
1. Experience – minimal 5 tahun di industri Anda
2. Location – ada office dekat supplier (faster response)
3. Price – balance cost vs quality
4. Report quality – detailed, photos banyak
5.Response time – report dalam 24 jam
6. Insurance – punya liability insurance
7. Language – bisa English/Indonesia
Tips Pro PSI
1. Jangan Kasih Tau Supplier Exact Date (sampai H-2)
Kenapa:
– Supplier bisa “siapkan” barang bagus khusus untuk inspection
– Setelah inspection, ganti dengan yang jelek
Solusi:
– Book inspection, tapi info supplier 1-2 hari sebelumnya
– Atau random check tanpa pemberitahuan (lebih mahal)
2. Provide Reference Sample ke Inspector
Kirim:
– Approved sample
– Spec sheet detail
– Photos dari semua angle
Benefit: Inspector punya reference jelas untuk compare.
3. Focus on Critical Issues
Prioritas:
1. Safety & compliance (critical)
2. Functionality (major)
3. Key spec (major)
4. Appearance (minor)
Jangan: Terlalu strict di cosmetic minor (supplier bisa frustrated).
4. Video Call During Inspection
Request: Inspector video call Anda saat inspection
Benefit:
– Anda lihat real-time
– Bisa direct decision on-site
– Build trust
Cost: Kadang free, kadang +$50
### 5. Combine PSI + CLI (Container Loading)
Jika FCL:
– PSI di pagi hari
– CLI di sore (saat loading)
Benefit:
– Ensure barang yang di-inspect = barang yang di-load
– One-day cost
Apa yang Dilakukan Jika Inspection FAIL?
Option 1: Rework
Supplier fix defect (jika memungkinkan)
Timeline: 3-7 hari
Cost: Supplier tanggung (jika defect their fault)
Re-inspection: Perlu (cost Anda tanggung atau nego)
Option 2: Sorting
Supplier pisahkan good vs defect
Process:
– Inspect 100% unit
– Buang/replace yang defect
– Repack
Timeline: 1-3 hari
Cost: Supplier tanggung (nego)
Option 3: Accept with Discount
Terima barang dengan price reduction
Nego:
– Minor defect 5-10% → discount 10-20%
– Major defect 10-20% → discount 30-50%
Benefit: Faster, dapat kompensasi
Option 4: Cancel Order
Jika defect terlalu parah(>30% fail rate)
Process:
– Nego refund (partial/full)
– Hold final payment
– Legal action (jika supplier tidak kooperatif)
Last resort: Tapi kadang necessary.
Checklist Before PSI
– [ ] Book inspection company 5-7 hari sebelum production selesai
– [ ] Koordinasi dengan supplier (tanggal, waktu, akses)
– [ ] Kirim spec & sample ke inspector
– [ ] Prepare checklist khusus (jika ada)
– [ ] Set AQL level
– [ ] Arrange payment ke inspection company
– [ ] Save contact inspector (untuk koordinasi)
Checklist After PSI
– [ ] Review inspection report dalam 24 jam
– [ ] Diskusi hasil dengan supplier
– [ ] Decide: Pass / Fail / Conditional
– [ ] Jika pass → approve shipment + release payment
– [ ] Jika fail → nego solution (rework/discount/cancel)
– [ ] Save report (untuk reference future order)
– [ ] Review: Apakah inspection company bagus? (untuk next time)
FAQ Pre-Shipment Inspection
Q: Apakah PSI wajib untuk semua order?
A: Tidak wajib, tapi sangat disarankan untuk: (1) first-time supplier, (2) order >$5000, (3) custom products.
Q: Berapa biaya PSI rata-rata?
A: $200-300 untuk standard PSI (1 man-day). Worth it untuk protect order value $5000+.
Q: Berapa lama inspection?
A: 4-8 jam tergantung quantity. Order 1000-5000 pcs biasanya 1 hari cukup.
Q: Apakah supplier bisa tolak inspection?
A: Seharusnya tidak. Jika supplier refuse, itu red flag besar. Consider cari supplier lain.
Q: Kapan timing terbaik untuk PSI?
A: Saat produksi 80-100% selesai, tapi belum packing final. Masih bisa rework jika ada issue.
Q: Apa yang terjadi jika inspection fail?
A: Nego dengan supplier untuk rework, sorting, discount, atau cancel order.
Q: Apakah inspection company bisa scam?
A: Jarang, tapi pilih yang reputable (SGS, Bureau Veritas, QIMA) untuk keamanan.
Kesimpulan
PSI adalah asuransi terbaik untuk quality import dari China.
Investment kecil ($200-300) bisa save loss besar ($5000-50,000).
Keys to success:
1. Pilih inspection company reputable
2. Set AQL level yang reasonable
3. Provide reference sample & spec detail
4. Review report dengan teliti
5. Jangan ragu reject jika quality buruk
Rule of thumb: Jika order value >$5000 atau first-time supplier → ALWAYS do PSI.
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